As a seafarer I came to South and West Africa, during the 1970s. To be honest,
at the time I saw Africa mainly from a European perspective, although even then
I wondered what was the matter with apartheid in South Africa. We transported
Western products to Africa, and the return cargo was mostly tree trunks and some
tropical products. Thus, I did my share in the destruction of the rain forest.
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loading tropical trees at Campo, Cameroon, 1978
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Africa has been cruelly exploited for centuries - it was a source of raw
materials, tropical products and cheap labour. Local rulers were bribed by
unscrupulous traders and actively participated - you only have to read about the
slave trade to understand. The consequences are still there: Africa is a rich
continent with an enormous potential, but it is torn by war and the people are
bad off. Three out of four people in Africa have no permanent job and no fixed
income, they are mostly day labourers who cannot feed their children at the
least setback.
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Jamestown, Accra, Ghana, 2012
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The problem is that almost no one invests in Africa - the
exploitation continues as before, large Western and Chinese multinationals being
the main perpetrators. A new colonization, which we in the West still benefit
from. The corruption and collusion of African governments is often alluded to as
the cause. But I think it is a vicious circle of despicable dealing involving
outside parties that has still not been broken.
An example
Recently, my
newspaper featured an article by a South African professor about vaccines for
infectious diseases no longer being developed in Africa. Some initiatives have
failed due to "financing problems". Even now, during the Covid-19 epidemic,
Africa is only used as a testing ground for vaccines that are being developed
elsewhere. Everything is made outside Africa and sold in Africa on our terms.
Medicines and vaccines are expensive. This applies not only to medical
applications, but to almost all achievements of the contemporary world.
Small
wonder that the continent is so impoverished and young men are sent to Europe by
their families, hoping to find work there and money to send home. To Europe,
where they come up against fences and refugee camps, remaining in permanent
poverty and insecurity. It is too easy to explain away the African migration as
their own fault.
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fish market in Elmina, Ghana, 2012
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Fortunately, there are exceptions, where the local population
gets a better chance. A friend of ours worked in Ghana for a long time. He
managed to save an area of rainforest in the Atewa range, which a Chinese
company was after because there is a 20 metres thick vein of bauxite underneath.
The forest serves as a water extraction area for Accra and the local economy
benefits from ecotourism. Our friend presented the local ‘chief’ with
calculations proving that in the long run the income out of the forest would be
more than the proceeds of selling it to the Chinese. There is an ongoing drive
to declare the area a national park, which is better than it being pillaged by a
Chinese mining company.
Africa in 1976
I remember a thief being caught on board
my ship in Cape Town. Naturally you don’t want thieves on board your ship, but
all the poor sod had stolen was an alarm clock from the first mate's cabin. I
had the dubious pleasure of receiving the South African police on board, two big
white-skinned cops in pale blue uniforms, shorts and flat caps. The thief looked
rather innocent compared to them. He was a Cape Coloured, a descendant of the
original San population and Dutch settlers. The first thing the policemen did
was slam the thief’s head against the steel bulkhead. I stopped that, saying I
did not tolerate that on board a Dutch ship. The men spoke Afrikaans (a form of
Dutch) and understood me perfectly. The detainee was handcuffed and taken away.
I don't know what they did to him later. They probably beat him senseless.
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French colonial church in Kribi, Cameroon, 1978
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At
the time, Colonial influence was still strongly present in West Africa, in some
cases probably still is. In 1978 I sailed to Senegal, Ivory Coast and Cameroon.
The French connection showed in hotels and apartment buildings for the scores of
French expats who lived there. Dakar (Senegal) looked like a French city on the
Côte d´Azur. In Abidjan, Ivory Coast, the city center was a collection of tall
tower blocks, surrounded by shabby slums.
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Fort Elmina, Ghana 2012
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Fort Elmina
I returned to Africa once
more in 2012. In Ghana we were driven around by a local driver named Emmanuel,
in a rented minivan. I still remember the visit to the slave fortresses at Cape
Coast and Elmina. Elmina in particular made a deep impression on me. The fort
was originally Portuguese (São Jorge da Mina) and was conquered by the Dutch
in the 17th century. Ultimately, the Dutch West India Company controlled a large
part of the overseas slave trade from what was then called the 'Gold Coast'.
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the church in Fort Elmina, Ghana
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The
Netherlands was almost the last country to ban slavery (1863, remembered on Keti
Koti day, the Broken Bonds, July 1st), although in the colony of Suriname the
former slaves were obliged by law to continue working on the plantations for 10
more years. It was institutionalized human trafficking.
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dungeon in Fort Elmina
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The church at Fort
Elmina is located directly above the dungeons, where for many years people were
locked up, waiting for the next ship to take them to the Caribbean and the
American mainland. Centuries later the dungeons still smell of excrement - there
was a drain in the centre, but the stench is too deeply sunk in the floor and
walls. The Dutch slave traders were singing psalms in the church upstairs,
turning a blind eye to the ocean of misery underfoot.
I couldn’t meet the
Ghanaian guide’s eyes for shame.
